The Connection Between Spina Bifida and Hydrocephalus
By Anshika
Understanding the strong relationship between spina bifida and hydrocephalus, and how these conditions are managed together.
Spina bifida and hydrocephalus are closely linked conditions. Approximately 70-90% of children born with myelomeningocele — the most severe form of spina bifida — also develop hydrocephalus.
What Is Spina Bifida?
Spina bifida is a neural tube defect where the spinal column does not close completely during early fetal development. The most common and severe form is myelomeningocele, where the spinal cord and its protective covering protrude through an opening in the spine.
Why Are They Connected?
The connection lies in the Chiari II malformation — a structural abnormality where the lower brainstem and cerebellum are pulled downward due to the spinal defect. This can obstruct the flow of cerebrospinal fluid, leading to hydrocephalus.
Prenatal Diagnosis and Management
Fetal surgery for myelomeningocele — performed between 19-26 weeks of gestation — can reduce the severity of both the spinal defect and associated hydrocephalus. Studies show that prenatal repair reduces the need for shunt placement by about 50%.